Infectious Disease

My bold idea is addressing the vulnerability to HIV, harmful gender norms, access to health services and poor life-skills; and low economic capacity of girls of Mukuru Slums, Nairobi in one program that is holistic and sustainable.

Compared with industrialized countries, nations of Africa and Asia report two to 10 times the rate of child pneumonia, the killer of 2.1 million children each year. A bedside finger prick blood test developed by this project will improve pneumonia diagnosis where chest x-rays, essential for pneumonia diagnosis and management, are unavailable, saving lives and resources.

WHO estimates that 10% to 30% of all patients in developing country health care facilities acquire an infection. An innovative sticker for hospital surfaces developed by Lunanos Inc. changes colour when a cleaner is applied and fades color after a predetermined period of time, helping staff track and ensure cleanliness of equipment and other frequently touched surfaces.

Grow-your-own bacterial defenders against waterborne microbial diseases. Prof. David McMillen and his team will explore creating engineered bacteria to reside in the gut, sense harmful invaders, and respond by producing viruses to target and kill the disease organisms (typhoid and cholera are examples of microbial targets).

Measles and rubella are major contributors to childhood mortality and disability, representing a significant global economic and social cost. Diagnosis currently relies on expensive immunoassay robots, which are only available in central laboratories. A decentralized surveillance system powered by paper-based digital microfluidics (an emerging liquid-handling technology) could be the solution. The system relies on an automated platform that can do laboratory-quality measles and rubella immunoassays using a single drop of blood.