Respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease or RDS) is the leading cause of premature infant mortality. It is a breathing disorder of premature newborns in which the air sacs (alveoli) in the baby’s lungs do not remain open. The disease occurs in infants born under 37 weeks, and 15M premature babies are born each year with 8% expected to develop RDS. Babies with RDS have a nearly 100% mortality rate if left untreated. Effective respiratory support can improve a neonate's survival rate by 70%. In well-equipped hospitals, infants receive adequate respiratory support.