Maternal, Newborn, and Adolescent Health

Eric Ogola of Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science & Technology proposes to reduce deaths in young children by developing an easier way to decide which antibiotic to use in blood-borne infections in children less than one month old. This will lead to judicious use of antibiotics and prevent the development of drug resistance. Clinicians in health facilities without laboratories will be able to make an educated guess on the best treatment that is likely to give an effective outcome.

Christine Musyimi of Africa Mental Health Foundation in Kenya will engage Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) in rural Kenya to provide psycho-social interventions to mothers during the perinatal period and refer complicated cases of depression to health facilities. This approach aims to ensure accessible and acceptable basic mental health care in under-resourced areas while linking these mothers to primary health care to ensure safe deliveries and promote their mental well-being and that of the baby even after birth.

Jesse Gitaka of Mount Kenya University in Kenya will lead the development and deployment of a point-of-care diagnostic for bacterial infections that have been implicated in poor pregnancy outcomes such as premature deliveries, still births, maternal and newborn sepsis and deaths. Their project will enable quick detection of these bacteria allowing for prompt treatment. They will test whether treating for these bacterial infections, which are usually not diagnosed, improves pregnancy outcomes in field situations.

Dahabo Adi Galgallo of the Kenya Field Epidemology and Laboratory Training Programme (FELTP) in Kenya, will develop a waterproof, coin-sized, solar-powered GPS-tracking device that will be fitted into cultural jewelry of expectant mothers in pastoralist and nomadic communities so health workers can easily locate and provide them with pre- and antenatal care where they are.

Rita de Cássia Silveira from Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre in Brazil will develop and test a program for families with preterm infants to follow at home to improve the child's cognitive, motor and social development. Preterm infants (those born with less than 37 weeks of gestation) can suffer a variety of complications due to incomplete brain, lung and eye development, which can cause long-term problems.

Marcos Augusto Bastos Dias from Fiocruz in Brazil in collaboration with the Global Pregnancy Collaboration (CoLab) will test a new approach for managing women in Brazil with preeclampsia in order to reduce unnecessary preterm births. Preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure and impaired organ function during pregnancy and can cause severe complications or even death for mother and child. The only cure is delivery, but preterm births are also high risk.

Maria do Carmo Leal from Fiocruz in Brazil will undertake a pilot "Parto Adequado" (Adequate Birth) project to evaluate whether different health care models offered by medical institutions during pregnancy and childbirth can promote healthier births, particularly by reducing the rate of unnecessary medical procedures. These include caesarean section without clinical indication, which occur frequently in Brazil and can have negative consequences. They have selected 23 geographically dispersed hospitals for the pilot study, which will involve around 16,000 mothers.

Renato Soibelmann Procianoy from the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil will analyze the association between bacterial populations in the vagina and gut of mothers in their third trimester and in the meconium of very preterm newborns, with risk of preterm delivery. It was previously assumed that microbes from the mother are first transferred to the fetus during delivery.

Tania Maria Ruffoni Ortiga from the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro in Brazil will measure the levels of so-called ABC transporters throughout pregnancy, and during normal and preterm labor, and how they are influenced by infections such as malaria and influenza, to determine whether they might increase the risk of preterm labor. ABC transporters sit in the outer membranes of cells and actively transport drugs, toxins and immune signaling molecules out of them.

Silvia Regina Dias Medici Saldiva from the Instituto de Saúde in Brazil will determine whether and which physical, social and cultural aspects of urban environments can increase the incidence of preterm birth. Prematurity is a major cause of childhood mortality and disability, and levels are high in Brazil. Preterm birth is likely caused by combinations of factors that, particularly in urban locales, might include environmental factors such as the quality of housing, proximity to health facilities and pollution levels, which then interact with social and cultural factors.